During the 1873-'74 famine, the Bengal lieutenant governor, Richard Temple, saved many lives by importing and distributing food. So, authorities removed boats (the region's lifeline), and the police destroyed and seized rice stocks. Mr Churchill also pushed a scorched earth policy-which went by the sinister name of Denial Policy-in coastal Bengal, where the colonisers feared the Japanese would land. As imports dropped, prices shot up, and hoarders made a killing. Churchill turned down fervent pleas to export food to India, citing a shortage of ships-this when shiploads of Australian wheat, for example, would pass by India to be stored for future consumption in Europe. This would have kept nearly 400,000 people alive for an entire year. India exported more than 70,000 tonnes of rice between January and July 1943, even as the famine set in. Bengal famine resulted from food scarcity caused by large-scale exports of food from India for use in the war theatres and consumption in Britain.
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